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【Objective】 To investigate the changes in complement content in component blood before blood transfusion. 【Methods】 180 samples from 20 plasma donors were collected at different stages of the preparation process, stored at different temperatures and time periods, and tested in the same batch to observe the changes in complement C3 and C4 levels under different storage temperatures and process stages. 【Results】 The same sample was used to test C3 and C4 levels, and the test results were sorted into nine groups for comparison according to different storage temperatures and preparation process stages. C3: 0.994 1; C4: 0.957 1, with no significant difference in storage at -40℃ and -60℃(P>0.05); C3: 0.133 3, 0.224 06(P>0.05); C4: 0.027 3, 0.025 1(P<0.05), storing at 4℃ for 7 days may significantly reduce complement levels, which needs further verification; C3: 0.047 0, 0.038 3; C4: 0.042 6, 0.012 1(P<0.05), virus inactivation preparation process can significantly reduce complement levels, repeated freeze-thawing during frozen plasma processing can change complement levels. The correlation analysis of C3 and C4 content determination experiment shows that they are significantly positively correlated under different storage temperature, preparation process and storage time(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Storage temperature, storage time, preparation process of frozen plasma such as repeated freeze-thawing, centrifugal concentration and light inactivation have an impact on complement content.
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OBJECTIVE To explore the role and underlying mechanism of tournefolic acid B （TAB） on the improvement of glucose metabolism and renal function in diabetic nephropathy （DN） model mice. METHODS DN model mice were established by high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin， and then randomly divided into model group， positive control group （vitamin E， 20 mg/kg）， TAB low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （1， 2， 4 mg/kg）， with 12 mice in each group； normal control group was given regular diet. Each group was given relevant medicine or normal saline intragastrically， once a day， for 4 consecutive weeks. The glucose metabolic function was estimated by fasting blood glucose， glucose tolerance test， insulin tolerance test and serum insulin concentration. The renal coefficients and biochemical indicators related to renal function [serum uric acid， blood urea nitrogen， creatinine levels， and ratio of urine microalbumin to creatinine] were detected in mice； the contents of biochemical indicators related to oxidative stress [superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine （8-OHdG）] were determined in renal tissue of mice； the pathological morphology of renal tissue was observed； the expressions of extracellular matrix （ECM） deposition related factors [transforming growth factor β1 （TGF- β1）， fibronectin （Fn）， type Ⅳ collagen （Col Ⅳ）] and protein kinase B （Akt）/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） pathway related proteins were determined in renal tissue of mice. RESULTS Compared with normal control group， fasting blood glucose， area under glucose tolerance curve， area under insulin tolerance curve， serum insulin content， the levels of uric acid， urea nitrogen and creatinine @qq.com and ratio of urinary microalbumin to creatinine in serum， the contents of MDA and 8-OHdG and the protein expressions of TGF-β1， Fn and Col Ⅳ were increased significantly in model group （P＜0.05）， while the contents of SOD， GSH-Px and the protein expressions of p-Akt， Nrf2， HO-1 in renal tissue were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）； the significant thickening of the basement membrane， accumulation of mesangial matrix， glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis of the renal tubules were all found. Compared with model group， above indexes of mice were all reversed significantly in TAB groups （P＜0.05）， and pathological changes were alleviated in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS TAB can improve blood glucose metabolism and kidney function and alleviate renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in DN model mice， the mechanism of which may be associated with activating the Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and suppressing ECM deposition.
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@#The Chinese Guidelines on Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation, jointly formulated by the Chinese Society of Cardiology, Chinese Medical Association and the Heart Rhythm Committee of Chinese Society of Biomedical Engineering, was first released on June 15, 2023. The guidelines elaborate the various aspects of atrial fibrillation management, in which emergency management of atrial fibrillation is also an integral part. This article interpreted the emergency management part in the guidelines in detail by reviewing relevant literature.
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Anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a systemic disease characterized by small vessel wall inflammation and cellulose necrosis mediated by ANCA. Renal injury caused by AAV is called ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis (AAGN). The paper reported a case of AAV with renal damage combined with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The patient was an elderly male with clinical manifestations of hematuria and uremia. Renal pathological examination showed AAV and renal injury. This case is the first report in China while reviewing the relevant literature, and it is still inconclusive whether this is an overlap of the two diseases or a specific pathological type of HIV-associated nephritis. We believe that AAV has the potential to occur in HIV-infected patients, so clinicians should not ignore the phenomenon of ANCA positivity in HIV-infected patients, and the follow-up of such patients needs to be enhanced. Clinical and renal pathological examinations are the main methods to diagnose HIV infection with AAV. At the same time, there are no clear guideline guidelines on how to administer immunosuppressive therapy for such patients who have immunodeficiency and are at higher risk of opportunistic infections, and in whom to make the best possible outcomes.
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Objective:To explore the risk factors of recurrence after laparoscopic myomectomy and provide references for clinical prevention and treatment.Methods:The clinical data of 216 patients who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy in Ningjin County People′s Hospital from June 2016 to December 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. The recurrence rate at 12 months after the operation was followed up, and the risk factors influencing the recurrence after laparoscopic myomectomy were screened by univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression model.Results:After followed up for 12 months after the operation, 24 cases had recurrence, with a recurrence rate of 11.11%(24/216). Univariate analysis showed that the recurrence after laparoscopic myomectomy was significantly correlated with surgical age, age at menarche, number of fibroids, uterine size, and gonadrotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) treatment after the operation ( P<0.05), but was not significantly correlated with body mass index, fibroid size, fibroid type, and pregnancy after the operation ( P>0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that surgical age ≥ 35 years old ( OR=1.289, 95% CI 1.013-1.641), age at menarche <13 years old ( OR=1.765, 95% CI 1.167 - 2.669), and number of fibroids ≥ 2 ( OR=2.487, 95% CI 1.442 - 4.288) were independent risk factors for recurrence after laparoscopic myomectomy ( P<0.05), while GnRH-a treatment after the operation ( OR = 0.696, 95% CI 0.510-0.951) was its protective factor ( P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of surgical age ≥ 35 years old, menarche age <13 years old, and number of fibroids ≥ 2 for predicting recurrence after laparoscopic myomectomy was 0.641 (95% CI 0.573 - 0.705), 0.719 (95% CI 0.654 - 0.778) and 0.622 (95% CI 0.554 - 0.687), and age at menarche had the greatest diagnostic efficiency. Conclusions:Surgical age ≥ 35 years old, age at menarche <13 years old, and number of fibroids ≥ 2 are independent risk factors for recurrence after laparoscopic myomectomy. Intraoperative ultrasound and postoperative GnRH-a treatment can help reduce the risk of postoperative recurrence.
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Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of goiter in school-age children aged 8 to 10 in non-high iodine areas of Shijiazhuang City.Methods:In April 2018, 9 non-high iodine counties (cities) were selected as monitoring sites in Shijiazhuang City, and capacity proportional probability sampling (PPS) method was used. Each monitoring site was divided into five sampling areas according to five orientations: east, west, south, north, and middle, one township was selected from each area, one elementary school was selected from each township, and 40 school-age children aged 8 to 10 (balanced age, half males and half females) were selected from each school as respondents. Urine samples from any one time of children and drinking water samples from their village were collected, and urinary iodine and water iodine were detected by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry; the thyroid volume of children was measured by B ultrasound method; at the same time, the height and weight of children were measured and the body mass index was calculated. The influencing factors of goiter were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 1 867 urine samples of school-age children were collected, and the median urinary iodine was 190.65 μg/L, which was in the suitable level of iodine. A total of 1 046 drinking water samples were collected, water iodine ranged from 0.11 to 87.91 μg/L, and the median water iodine was 3.01 μg/L. A total of 1 867 school-age children were tested thyroid, the median thyroid volume was 3.01 ml. The medians thyroid volume of boys and girls (928 and 939 cases) were 2.90 and 3.13 ml, respectively, the difference was statistically significant between sex ( U = 2.09, P < 0.05); the medians thyroid volume of children aged 8, 9, and 10 years old (622, 629, 616 cases) were 2.47, 2.87, and 3.13 ml, respectively, the differences were statistically significant among ages ( H = 203.96, P < 0.01); the medians thyroid volume of normal, overweight and obese children (1 231, 300, 336 cases) were 2.61, 3.05 and 3.16 ml, respectively, the differences were statistically significant among body mass index ( H = 65.55, P < 0.01). The results of multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that female and obesity were risk factors of goiter in school-age children [odds ratio ( OR) = 2.08, 2.86, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 1.05 - 4.12, 1.39 - 5.88, P < 0.05]. Conclusion:Female and obesity are risk factors of goiter in school-age children aged 8 to 10 in non-high iodine areas of Shijiazhuang City.
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Objective:Conduct comprehensive analysis of the regulatory requirement of ethical review regarding to the response of public health emergency, illustrate particular ethical review and ethical administration strategies for COVID-19 Emergency Research.Methods:Theoretical discussion, case study and interpretation of international guidelines were adopted to explore challenges and possible best practices for ethical review of such research.Results:The ethical review of COVID-19 emergency research should comply with regulatory requirement in general, combined with contextual background.Conclusions:The ethical review approval criteria of COVID-19 emergency research should take into full consideration of its urgency to make sure efficient and high quality initial review, meanwhile, more attention should be paid on continuing ethical review and ethical consultation during the whole life-circle of COVID-19 Emergency Research.
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Objective@#Conduct comprehensive analysis of the regulatory requirement of ethical review regarding to the response of public health emergency, illustrate particular ethical review and ethical administration strategies for COVID-19 Emergency Research.@*Methods@#Theoretical discussion, case study and interpretation of international guidelines were adopted to explore challenges and possible best practices for ethical review of such research.@*Results@#The ethical review of COVID-19 emergency research should comply with regulatory requirement in general, combined with contextual background.@*Conclusions@#The ethical review approval criteria of COVID-19 emergency research should take into full consideration of its urgency to make sure efficient and high quality initial review, meanwhile, more attention should be paid on continuing ethical review and ethical consultation during the whole life-circle of COVID-19 Emergency Research.
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Objective@#To investigate the application effect of electric drill drive in the preparation of atlanto-axial posterior screw trajectory.@*Methods@#A retrospective case-control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 29 patients with atlanto-axial fracture and dislocation admitted to the Lanzhou University Second Hospital from February 2016 to March 2019. There were 19 male and 10 females, aged from 10 to 72 years, with an average of 44.6 years. All patients received posterior atlantoaxial screw fixation. Electric drill drive was adopted in 14 patients to prepare the screw trajectory (electric drill group), and bare hand technique was used in 15 patients (bare hand group). In the electric drill group, 28 atlantal lateral screws and 28 axial pedicle screws were implanted; in the free hand group, 30 atlantal lateral screws and 30 axial pedicle screws were implanted. The trajectory preparation time and intraoperative blood loss between the two groups were compared. After the operation, the X-ray films and 3D CT were taken to observe the lateral mass of atlas as well as the position, loosening or rupture, and bone healing of axial pedicle screws, and complications. Frankel grading and visual analogue scale (VAS) at the last follow-up were compared between the two groups.@*Results@#All patients were followed up for 3 to 36 months, with an average of 21 months. The electric drill group took significantly shorter time in preparing both atlantal and axial pedicle screw trajectories than the bare hand group [(8.8±4.2)minutes ∶(16.5±9.7)minutes; (4.1±1.2)minutes∶ (6.1±3.2)minutes] (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss between the electric drill group and the bare hand group [(54.2±32.0)ml ∶ (58.0±28.4)ml] (P>0.05). In the electric drill group, the penetration rate of atlantal screws was 0, the complete position rate was 96% (27/28), and the good rate of screw placement was 100% (28/28), superior to 23% (7/30), 73% (22/30) and 73%(22/30) in the bare hand group (P<0.05). In terms of the axial screws, in the electric drill group, the panetration rate was 4% (1/28), the complete position rate was 82% (23/28), and the good rate of screw placement was 96% (27/28), superior to 10% (3/30), 70% (21/30) and 93% (28/30) in the bare hand group (P>0.05). There were no complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage, spinal cord injury, cerebellar infarction, loosening and fracture of internal fixation, and nonunion of bone. At the last follow-up, Frankel grading and VAS of the two groups were improved to different degrees (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#For atlantoaxial fracture and dislocation, preparation of atlantoaxial internal fixation screw trajectories by electric power can significantly shorten the operation time and improve the accuracy of atlas screw placement.
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Objective To explore the management of human genetic resources in our university,propose relevant suggestions for promoting the appropriate protection and scientific management of human genetic resources.Methods Based on the existing regulations and policies,discuss the potential problems relevant to how to strengthen management of human genetic resources in China at institute level.Results Main problems identified including the management scope of human genetic resources is not clear,the inconsistence of application materials,the informed consent and its process involved in biobank and lack of the management of whole process of human genetic resources exploration.Conclusions With the rapid development of biotechnology,the economic value and strategic significance of human genetic resources have become increasingly prominent.Enhancement of training and whole process management,as well as the improvement of informed consent for biobank play important roles in effectively improve the protection of human genetic resources.
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Objective According to the discussion of investigator responsibilities for human subject protection,to provide possible reference for the construction of human subject protection framework calls for more collaboration between investigators and Institutional Review Board (IRB).Methods Systematically analyze the investigator responsibilities during the whole process of research including design,implementation and closure,identify key ethical issues that need attention at different stages.Results Currently,the culture of regulatory compliance,though good for the human subject protection from regulatory perspective,is still not optimal for encouraging more innovative protection from investigator perspectives.Conclusions Human subject protection is not only the responsibility of IRBs,investigators should also be more responsible and bring in more ethical considerations in human subject research.
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Objective To investigate the application effect of electric drill drive in the preparation of atlanto-axial posterior screw trajectory.Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 29 patients with atlanto-axial fracture and dislocation admitted to the Lanzhou University Second Hospital from February 2016 to March 2019.There were 19 male and 10 females,aged from 10 to 72 years,with an average of 44.6 years.All patients received posterior atlantoaxial screw fixation.Electric drill drive was adopted in 14 patients to prepare the screw trajectory (electric drill group),and bare hand technique was used in 15 patients (bare hand group).In the electric drill group,28 atlantal lateral screws and 28 axial pedicle screws were implanted;in the free hand group,30 atlantal lateral screws and 30 axial pedicle screws were implanted.The trajectory preparation time and intraoperative blood loss between the two groups were compared.After the operation,the X-ray films and 3D CT were taken to observe the lateral mass of atlas as well as the position,loosening or rupture,and bone healing of axial pedicle screws,and complications.Frankel grading and visual analogue scale (VAS) at the last follow-up were compared between the two groups.Results All patients were followed up for 3 to 36 months,with an average of 21 months.The electric drill group took significantly shorter time in preparing both atlantal and axial pedicle screw trajectories than the bare hand group [(8.8 ±4.2)minutes ∶ (16.5 _±9.7)minutes;(4.1 ± 1.2)minutes∶ (6.1 ±3.2)minutes] (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss between the electric drill group and the bare hand group [(54.2 ± 32.0) ml ∶ (58.0 ± 28.4) ml] (P ＞ 0.05).In the electric drill group,the penetration rate of atlantal screws was 0,the complete position rate was 96％ (27/28),and the good rate of screw placement was 100％ (28/28),superior to 23％ (7/30),73％ (22/30) and 73％(22/30) in the bare hand group (P ＜ 0.05).In terms of the axial screws,in the electric drill group,the panetration rate was 4％ (1/28),the complete position rate was 82％ (23/28),and the good rate of screw placement was 96％ (27/28),superior to 10％ (3/30),70％ (21/30) and 93％ (28/30) in the bare hand group (P ＞ 0.05).There were no complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage,spinal cord injury,cerebellar infarction,loosening and fracture of internal fixation,and nonunion of bone.At the last follow-up,Frankel grading and VAS of the two groups were improved to different degrees (P ＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion For atlantoaxial fracture and dislocation,preparation of atlantoaxial internal fixation screw trajectories by electric power can significantly shorten the operation time and improve the accuracy of atlas screw placement.
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Objective Summarize and share the working practice of Investigator Research Ethics and Research Integrity Training conducted at Peking University Human Research Protection Program (PKU HRPP) ,to further explore continuing quality improvement of investigator ethical training at university level .Methods Conduct systematic review of the archiving files of PKU HRPP investigator training activities during 2012-2018 ,summarize feedback information from investigators to i-dentify possible experiences for sharing and space for improvement .Results There are some positive experiences for sharing a-bout the training mechanism and practices at PKU HRPP .Conclusions Based on the previous ethical training work and experi-ences at PKU HRPP ,possible proposals for continuing quality improvement may including :strengthening the requirements of ethical training of investigators ,encouraging and recognizing ethical training conducted by research teams ,emphasizing training Quality and the promotion of sharing and mutual recognition mechanisms for ethical training .
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To investigate the effect of Parkinson's disease related protein DJ-1 on the cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration in human osteosarcoma cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: The protein expression levels of DJ-1 were detected in human osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63, Saos-2, and U2OS) and human osteoblast cell line hFOB1.19 with or without deficiency in phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN) were detected by Western blot. Osteosarcoma cells were treated with DJ-1 siRNA, and then the protein expression levels of DJ-1 were detected by Western blot. Cell survival rate of osteosarcoma cells was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Cell apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells was measured by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) double staining method. Cell invasive and migration ability of osteosarcoma cells were examined by transwell invasion and migration assay. Results: Compared with that of human osteoblast cell line (hFOB1.19), the protein expression level of DJ-1 was significantly upregulated in human osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63, Saos-2, and U2OS) (all P<0.05), and U2OS had the highest level of DJ-1 when compared with the other three cell lines (P<0.01). DJ-1 siRNA could significantly down-regulate the DJ-1 protein expression in U2OS cells, and also diminish the cell survival rate. Moreover, DJ-1 down-regulation of DJ-1 could promote cell apoptosis, suppress the ability of cell invasion and migration, and increase the PTEN protein expression level (all P<0.05). In addition, the protein expression level of PTEN was markedly up-regulated in human osteosarcoma cell lines when compared with that in the hFOB1.19 cells (P<0.05). Conclusion: DJ-1 can promote the cell proliferation, inhibit cell apoptosis, and decrease the ability of cell invasion and migration, and the potential underlying mechanisms may be associated with the up-regulation of PTEN protein expression.
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Genetics , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement , Genetics , Cell Proliferation , Genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Genetics , PTEN Phosphohydrolase , Genetics , Parkinson Disease , Protein Deglycase DJ-1 , Genetics , Metabolism , RNA, Small Interfering , GeneticsABSTRACT
Spinal edema is a very important pathophysiological basis for secondary spinal cord injury,which affects the repair and prognosis of spinal cord injury.Aquaporin-4 is widely distributed in various organs of the body,and is highly expressed in the brain and spinal cord.Inward rectifying potassium channel 4.1 is a protein found in astrocytes of central nervous system.It interacts with aquaporins in function.Aquaporin-4 and inward rectifying potassium channel 4.1 play an important role in the formation and elimination of spinal cord edema,inhibition of glial scar formation and promotion of excitotoxic agents exclusion.The distribution and function of aquaporin-4 and inward rectifying potassium channel 4.1 in the central nervous system and their expression after spinal cord injury have multiple effects on spinal edema.Studies of aquaporin-4 and inward rectifying potassium channel 4.1 in the spinal cord may provide new ideas for the elimination and treatment of spinal edema.
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Objective To investigate the changes and their significance of glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST) and glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) expressions in glial cells following spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult rats.Methods Twenty-five healthy female adult SD rats were randomly divided into control group (5 rats) and experimental group (20 rats).The contusive spinal cord injury models were prepared at T10 segment in the rats in the experimental group according to the modified Allen's method.At days 1,3,7 and 14 following SCI,five rats were sacrificed by cardiac perfusion and the spinal cord segments adjacent to the epicenter of injury were obtained at each time point after the neurological function of hind limbs was assessed using the modified Tarlov scale.Changes of GLAST and GLT-1 expressions were detected semi-quantitatively using immunofluorescence and computer image analysis system (IPP 6.0).Results (1) Single immunofluorescence:Moderate GLAST expression was found in the control group.The GLAST expression was increased slightly at day 1 after SCI,decreased progressively at days 3 and 7 after SCI,and increased slightly at day 14 after SCI.The GLAST expression in experimental group was significantly lower than those in control group at days 3,7 and 14 after SCI (P ＜ 0.05).Moderate GLT-1 expression was detected in the control group.The expression of GLT-1 was increased slightly at day 1 after SCI,decreased to the lowest at day 3 after SCI,and increased slightly at days 7 and 14 after SCI.The GLT-1 expression in experimental group was significantly lower than those in control group at days 3,7 and 14 after SCI (P ＜0.05).(2) Double immunofluorescence:GLAST expression was found on astrocytes in the control group.The GLAST expression in experimental group was decreased at day 1 after SCI,further decreased progressively at days 3 and 7 after SCI,and started to recover at day 14 after SCI.The coexpressions of GLAST and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group at days 3 and 7 after SCI (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of GLAST was found on microglial cells in the control group.The expression of GLAST in experimental group was increased obviously at day 1 after SCI and increased progressively at days 3-14 after SCI.The coexpressions of GLAST and OX-42 in experimental group were significantly than those in the control group at days 3,7 and 14 after SCI (P ＜ 0.05).(3) Double immunofluorescence:GLT-1 expression was found on astrocytes in the control group.The GLT-1 expression was decreased at day 1 after SCI,further decreased progressively at days 3 and 7 after SCI,and started to recover at day 14 after SCI.The coexpressions of GLT-1 and GFAP were significantly lower than those in the control group at days 3 and 7 after SCI (P ＜ 0.05).The GLT-1 expression was found on microglial cells in the control group.The GLT-1 expression was increased obviously at day 1 after SCI and increased progressively at days 3-14 after SCI.The coexpressions of GLT-1 and OX-42 were significantly higher than those in the control group at days 1,3,7 and 14 after SCI (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT-1 show different expression patterns in astrocytes and microglia following SCI in rats,which may be correlated with the roles of different glial cells in repair of spinal cord injury.
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@#Objective To explore the expression and the changes of microtubule, aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and potassium ion channel 4.1 (Kir4.1) after spinal cord injury in rats.Methods Ninety female adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (n=30) and injury group (n=60). The injury group was divided into six hours, one day, three days, five days and seven days subgroups, with twelve rats in each subgroup. Spinal cord injury at T10 was established with modified Allen's method (20 g×25 mm) in the injury group. The water content of spinal cord was measured at each time point after injury. Then, the pathology was observed with HE staining, the expression of α-Tubulin, AQP4 and Kir4.1 was detected and analyzed with immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting.Results The water content of the spinal cord was higher in the injured group than in the sham operation group (P<0.05), and was highest on the fifth day. HE staining showed that the gray matter hemorrhage at six hours after injury; one day after injury, the gray matter bled seriously, and neuron swelling was aggravated; three days after injury, the area of gray matter necrosis increased, and the edema phenomenon was obvious; five days and seven days after injury, the gray matter necrosis and the edema phenomenon were more serious. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of AQP4 gradually increased after injury, and raised at peak on the fifth day; the expression of α-Tubulin and Kir4.1 was similar, and the expression gradually decreased after injury, especially on the fifth day.Conclusion The expression of α-Tubulin and Kir4.1 is similar after spinal cord injury, and is contrary to the expression of AQP4. α-Tubulin, AQP4 and Kir4.1 may be related after injury and may participate in the formation of spinal cord edema.
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@#Objective To investigate the effect of Ski on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines from activated astrocytes. Methods Astrocytes were obtained from cerebral cortex of a three-day old Sprague-Dawley rat and cultured in vitro. They were divided into blank group, control group and siRNA group. The Ski gene was silenced in siRNA group. The expression of Ski was tested with Western blotting and immunofluorescence 48 hours later. Then the astrocytes were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide for 24 hours. The secretion of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in activated astrocytes was detected with ELISA. Results The expression of Ski protein reduced in the siRNA group (P<0.001), as well as the secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β (P<0.001). Conclusion Ski may play a role in inflammatory response of astrocyte.
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Objective To investigate a new selection criteria for lower instrumentation vertebrae (LIV) in thoracolumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).Methods Fifty-two cases of fusion thoracolumbar bend and more than 1.5 years follow up were included.The cases conformed to the AIS selection criteria,i.e.,the first vertebral body touched at the scoliosis distal end in the central sacral vertical line (CSVL) of erect orthotopic X-ray film served as the touch vertebrae (TV),moreover which should meet the following requirements:the Nash-Moe rotation ≤ degree Ⅱ;CSVL located between bilateral vertebral pedicle in the concave side Bending image;no kyphosis of thoracolumbar and lumbar segments existed;the patients with the distance 3-4 mm from CSVL to TV were also included into the study.The operation of each case was carried out by an experienced spine surgeon team.The internal fixation orthopedic fusion of total pedicle screws was adopted by posterior approach.The spine full length of the anterior-posterior and lateral X-ray film and left and right sides Bending images at clinostatism were taken before operation,instantly after operation and at final follow up.The Cobb angle of main bending,trunk shift (TS) at coronal plane,LIV tilting (LIVT) and LIV distal disc angulation (LIVA) were measured.The positions of TV and stable spine were observed,recorded and performed the statistical analysis.Results All cases were followed up for more than 18 months,with an average follow-up period of (23 ± 3) months.The main bending Cobb angles before operation,instantly after operation and at final follow up were (49.32±11.37)°,(9.08 ± 6.78)°and (10.65±6.68)°respectively,LIVT were (21.76±4.68)°,(5.17±4.09)° and (5.16±3.08)° respectively and LIVA were (7.19±5.16)°,(3.16±2.78)° and (4.17±3.28)° respectively;the above indicators had statistical differences between before operation with instantly after operation and at final follow up (P＜0.05).Twenty seven cases were preoperative trunk decompensation,and 5 cases were complicating trunk decompensation at final follow up,which were not increased compared with those before operation.Comparing TV as LIV with adopting stable vertebrae as LIV,the former could save (1.42 ±0.45) fusion segments.Conclusion Adopting the new criteria to conduct thoracolumbar AIS operation saves the fusion segments as compared with commonly used method in clinic.
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Objective To investigate the effect of ski gene in migration process of astrocytes in rats. Methods Astrocytes were obtained from rats' cerebral cortex and cultured in vitro. siRNA targeting ski gene and negative control sequences were prepared. The ski-siRNA group, siRNA negative control group and untreated group were set in this experiment. The specific siRNA targeting ski gene was transfected into astrocytes with Lipofectamine?RNAiMAX Reagent. Then the ski protein levels were determined with Western blotting. After transfec-tion, the changes in migration of astrocytes were measured with wound scratch assay and Transwell migration assay. Results Western blot-ting showed that the expression of ski protein was significantly lower in the ski-siRNA group than in the siRNA negative control group and untreated group (F=132.957, P47.197, P69.187, P<0.001). Conclusion Ski knocked down by siRNA could inhibit the migration ability of astrocytes. It is a reminding that ski may take part in the migration process of astrocytes, and moreover, ski may play an important role in the formation of glial scar.